Row of Bally and Gottlieb pinball machines standing on their chrome legs in a game room

Pinball Machine Leg Sizes: The Complete Guide by Machine (Inches and CM)

Short answer: there is no single pinball machine leg size — there are four standard lengths: 27 inches (68.5 cm), 28.5 inches (72 cm), 30.5 inches (77.5 cm), and 31 inches (78.8 cm). The right choice depends on your machine's manufacturer and year, never on personal preference. A Gottlieb System 80 uses 27-inch (68.5 cm) legs; a Williams WPC uses 28.5-inch (72 cm) legs; a modern Stern uses 30.5-inch (77.5 cm) legs. This guide covers every manufacturer, every era, factory exceptions, leg levelers, bolts, and measuring methods.

New: this guide now includes a comprehensive machine-by-machine list — 158 titles organized by system, with a clickable alphabetical index that takes you directly to the right row. It also covers, at the end of the guide, leg leveler adjustment — the rotating part that touches the floor — and the correct playfield pitch.

Quick Answer: The 4 Standard Lengths

The four pinball machine leg lengths used by the industry:

  • 27 inches = 68.5 cm — Gottlieb System 1, System 80/80A/80B, Williams 1966–1987, early Gottlieb DMD
  • 28.5 inches = 72 cm — Williams/Bally System 11 and WPC, Bally 1968–1987, Bally (1977-1985), Zaccaria, Pinball 2000, early Data East
  • 30.5 inches = 77.5 cm — late Data East, Sega, modern Stern
  • 31 inches = 78.8 cm — Gottlieb single-player electromechanicals, late Gottlieb DMD

Source: flippers.be. These values are general rules by system, not title-by-title specifications.

The Complete Table: Leg Length by Manufacturer and Era

Here is the comprehensive summary of documented lengths. All conversions are given in inches and centimeters.

Manufacturer Period Length (inches) Length (cm) Type / Finish Notes
Gottlieb — single-player electromechanicals 1950s to mid-1970s 31" 78,8 cm Smooth chrome The longest legs on the list, along with late Gottlieb DMD.
Gottlieb — System 1 1977–1980 27" 68,5 cm Smooth chrome Cleopatra, Sinbad, Joker Poker, Charlie's Angels, Solar Ride, Genie, Buck Rogers...
Gottlieb — System 80 / 80A / 80B 1980–1989 27" 68,5 cm Smooth chrome ⚠️ Major exception: Haunted House (see below).
Gottlieb — DMD 1990–1995 27" then 31" 68.5 cm then 78.8 cm Chrome Changed mid-generation: check your specific machine.
Williams 1966–1987 27" 68,5 cm Smooth chrome, then ribbed to mid-height The transition from smooth to half-height ribbed was gradual.
Williams / Bally — System 11 and WPC 1987–1998 28,5" 72 cm Ribbed chrome Many factory color variants (see dedicated section).
Williams — Pinball 2000 1999–2000 28,5" 72 cm Ribbed black Revenge from Mars, Star Wars Episode I.
Bally 1968–1983 28,5" 72 cm Smooth dark gray (gun metal gray) Marco ref. P-4052-8. ⚠️ Three titles require 34-3/4" rear legs (see below).
Bally 1984–1987 28,5" 72 cm Ribbed chrome Transition from gray to ribbed chrome.
Bally (1977-1985) 1977–1985 28,5" 72 cm Smooth chrome Not to be confused with modern Stern Pinball.
Zaccaria all periods 28,5" 72 cm Smooth chrome Italian manufacturer.
Data East — early late 1980s 28,5" 72 cm Chrome, then black Data East initially used 28.5" chrome, then black of the same length.
Data East / Sega / Stern — late and modern 1990s to present 30,5" 77,5 cm Ribbed black See the 30-1/4" / 30-1/2" distinction below.

If you are restoring a complete machine, this table should be read alongside our complete vintage pinball machine restoration guide, which covers the cabinet, playfield, and electronics.

Comprehensive List: Leg Length, Machine by Machine

Here is the complete list, title by title, of machines covered by our replacement boards. Click a name in the alphabetical index below to jump directly to the corresponding row. 158 machines are listed.

⚠️ Read before using this table

No source publishes leg lengths title by title. The values below are inferred from the system and year of each machine, by applying the rule documented by flippers.be ("The correct leg length for your pinball machines") and the Pinball Leg Guide by Andrew MacBain on PinWiki. These are not specifications published by the manufacturers for each game.

The only actually documented exceptions (Haunted House, Dungeons & Dragons, Escape from the Lost World, Blackwater 100) are highlighted with an orange background and detailed in the "Factory Exceptions and Pitfalls" section.

When in doubt, measure (method described below) and verify that the lock bar is approximately 90 cm (35 inches) from the floor. If you notice a discrepancy on any of these machines, please let us know: we will correct this page.

Alphabetical Index of Machines

Click a title to jump directly to its row.

AAlgar · Alien Poker · Alien Star · Amazon Hunt · Amazon Hunt II · Arena · Asteroid Annie and the Aliens

BBaby Pac-Man · Bad Girls · Barracora · Big House · Black Hole · Black Jack · Black Knight · Black Pyramid · Blackout · Blackwater 100 · BMX · Bone Busters Inc. · Bounty Hunter · Buck Rogers

CCaveman · Centaur · Chicago Cubs Triple Play · Circus · Contact · Cosmic Gunfight · Counterforce · Cybernaut

DDefender · Devil's Dare · Diamond Lady · Disco Fever · Dolly Parton · Dungeons & Dragons

EEclipse · Eight Ball · Eight Ball Deluxe · El Dorado City of Gold · Elektra · Embryon · Escape from the Lost World · Evel Knievel · Excalibur

FFathom · Fireball Classic · Fireball II · Firepower · Firepower II · Flash · Flash Gordon · Force II · Freedom · Frontier · Future Spa

GGenesis · Genie · Goin' Nuts · Gold Ball · Gold Wings · Gorgar · Grand Slam

HHarlem Globetrotters on Tour · Haunted House · Hollywood Heat · Hot Doggin' · Hot Shots · Hot Tip

IIce Fever

JJacks to Open · James Bond 007 · Joust · Jungle Lord

KKings of Steel · KISS · Krull

LLaser Ball · Laser Cue · Lectronamo · Lost World · Lucky Seven

MMars God of War · Mata Hari · Medusa · Memory Lane · Monte Carlo · Mr. & Mrs. Pac-Man · Mystic

NNight Moves · Night Rider · Nitro Ground Shaker

PPanthera · Paragon · Pharaoh · Phoenix · Pinball · Pink Panther · Playboy · Pokerino · Power Play · Punk!

QQ*Bert's Quest

RRack 'Em Up · Raven · Ready...Aim...Fire! · Robo-War · Rock · Rock Encore · Rocky · Roller Disco · Rolling Stones · Royal Flush Deluxe

SSaturn 2 · Scorpion · Silverball Mania · Six Million Dollar Man · Skateball · Solar Fire · Space Invaders · Speakeasy · Spectrum · Spider-Man · Spirit · Spring Break · Spy Hunter · Star Light · Star Race · Star Trek · Stars · Stellar Wars · Stingray · Striker · Strikes and Spares · Super Orbit · Supersonic

TTag Team Pinball · The Games · The Incredible Hulk · Tiger Rag · Time Fantasy · Time Line · Time Warp · Torch · Totem · Touchdown · Tri Zone · TX-Sector

VVarkon · Vector · Victory · Viking · Volcano · Voltan Escapes Cosmic Doom

WWarlok · World Cup · World Defender

XX's & O's · Xenon

Gottlieb System 1 (7 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Asteroid Annie and the Aliens Gottlieb 1980 System 1 27" 68,5 cm
Buck Rogers Gottlieb 1980 System 1 27" 68,5 cm
Genie Gottlieb 1979 System 1 27" 68,5 cm
Roller Disco Gottlieb 1980 System 1 27" 68,5 cm
The Incredible Hulk Gottlieb 1979 System 1 27" 68,5 cm
Torch Gottlieb 1980 System 1 27" 68,5 cm
Totem Gottlieb 1979 System 1 27" 68,5 cm

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Gottlieb System 80 (15 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Black Hole Gottlieb 1981 System 80 27" 68,5 cm Speech and Sound-only versions: same leg length.
Caveman Gottlieb 1982 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Circus Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Counterforce Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Eclipse Gottlieb 1982 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Force II Gottlieb 1981 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Haunted House Gottlieb 1982 System 80 27" (AV) / 31" (AR) 68,5 cm (AV) / 78,8 cm (AR) ⚠️ Documented factory exception: mismatched legs, 27" (68.5 cm) at the front and 31" (78.8 cm) at the rear.
James Bond 007 Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm Timed Play and 3/5-Ball versions: same leg length.
Mars God of War Gottlieb 1981 System 80 27" 68,5 cm Speech and Sound-only versions: same leg length.
Panthera Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Pink Panther Gottlieb 1981 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Spider-Man Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Star Race Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Time Line Gottlieb 1980 System 80 27" 68,5 cm
Volcano Gottlieb 1981 System 80 27" 68,5 cm Speech and Sound-only versions: same leg length.

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Gottlieb System 80A (19 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Alien Star Gottlieb 1984 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Amazon Hunt Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Devil's Dare Gottlieb 1982 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm Speech and Sound-only versions: same leg length.
El Dorado City of Gold Gottlieb 1984 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Goin' Nuts Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Ice Fever Gottlieb 1985 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Jacks to Open Gottlieb 1984 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Krull Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Punk! Gottlieb 1982 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Q*Bert's Quest Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Rack 'Em Up Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Ready...Aim...Fire! Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Rocky Gottlieb 1982 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm Speech and Sound-only versions: same leg length.
Royal Flush Deluxe Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Spirit Gottlieb 1982 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Striker Gottlieb 1982 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm Speech and Sound-only versions: same leg length.
Super Orbit Gottlieb 1983 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
The Games Gottlieb 1984 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm
Touchdown Gottlieb 1984 System 80A 27" 68,5 cm

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Gottlieb System 80B (23 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Amazon Hunt II Gottlieb 1987 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Arena Gottlieb 1987 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Bad Girls Gottlieb 1988 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Big House Gottlieb 1989 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Bone Busters Inc. Gottlieb 1989 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Bounty Hunter Gottlieb 1985 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Chicago Cubs Triple Play Gottlieb 1985 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Diamond Lady Gottlieb 1988 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Excalibur Gottlieb 1988 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Genesis Gottlieb 1986 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Gold Wings Gottlieb 1986 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Hollywood Heat Gottlieb 1986 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Hot Shots Gottlieb 1989 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Monte Carlo Gottlieb 1987 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Night Moves Gottlieb 1989 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Raven Gottlieb 1986 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Robo-War Gottlieb 1988 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Rock Gottlieb 1985 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Rock Encore Gottlieb 1986 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Spring Break Gottlieb 1987 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Tag Team Pinball Gottlieb 1985 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
TX-Sector Gottlieb 1988 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm
Victory Gottlieb 1987 System 80B 27" 68,5 cm

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Williams System 3–7 (32 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Algar Williams 1980 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Alien Poker Williams 1980 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Barracora Williams 1981 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Black Knight Williams 1980 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Blackout Williams 1980 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Contact Williams 1978 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Cosmic Gunfight Williams 1982 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Defender Williams 1982 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Disco Fever Williams 1978 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Firepower Williams 1980 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Firepower II Williams 1983 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Flash Williams 1979 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Gorgar Williams 1979 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Hot Tip Williams 1977 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Joust Williams 1983 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Jungle Lord Williams 1981 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Laser Ball Williams 1979 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Laser Cue Williams 1984 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Lucky Seven Williams 1978 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Pharaoh Williams 1981 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Phoenix Williams 1978 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Pokerino Williams 1978 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Scorpion Williams 1980 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Solar Fire Williams 1981 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Star Light Williams 1984 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Stellar Wars Williams 1979 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Time Fantasy Williams 1983 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Time Warp Williams 1979 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Tri Zone Williams 1979 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Varkon Williams 1982 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
Warlok Williams 1982 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm
World Cup Williams 1978 System 3–7 27" 68,5 cm

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Bally MPU-35 (AS-2518-17 / -35) (54 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Baby Pac-Man Bally 1982 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Black Jack Bally 1977 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Black Pyramid Bally 1984 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Blackwater 100 Bally 1988 MPU-35 28,5" (AV) / 34-3/4" (AR) 72 cm (AV) / 88,3 cm (AR) ⚠️ Documented factory exception: rear legs of 34-3/4" (88.3 cm), Marco ref. 0365-00220-00XF.
BMX Bally 1982 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Centaur Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Cybernaut Bally 1985 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Dolly Parton Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Dungeons & Dragons Bally 1987 MPU-35 28,5" (AV) / 34-3/4" (AR) 72 cm (AV) / 88,3 cm (AR) ⚠️ Documented factory exception: rear legs of 34-3/4" (88.3 cm), Marco ref. 0365-00220-00XF.
Eight Ball Bally 1977 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Eight Ball Deluxe Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Elektra Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Embryon Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Escape from the Lost World Bally 1988 MPU-35 28,5" (AV) / 34-3/4" (AR) 72 cm (AV) / 88,3 cm (AR) ⚠️ Documented factory exception: rear legs of 34-3/4" (88.3 cm), Marco ref. 0365-00220-00XF.
Evel Knievel Bally 1977 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Fathom Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Fireball Classic Bally 1985 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Fireball II Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Flash Gordon Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Freedom Bally 1976 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Frontier Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Future Spa Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Gold Ball Bally 1983 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Grand Slam Bally 1983 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm Available in 2-player and 4-player versions: same leg length.
Harlem Globetrotters on Tour Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Hot Doggin' Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Kings of Steel Bally 1984 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
KISS Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Lost World Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Mata Hari Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Medusa Bally 1981 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Mr. & Mrs. Pac-Man Bally 1982 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Mystic Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Night Rider Bally 1977 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Nitro Ground Shaker Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Paragon Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Playboy Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Power Play Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Rolling Stones Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Silverball Mania Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Six Million Dollar Man Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Skateball Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Space Invaders Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Speakeasy Bally 1982 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm Available in 2-player and 4-player versions: same leg length.
Spectrum Bally 1982 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Spy Hunter Bally 1984 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Star Trek Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Strikes and Spares Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Supersonic Bally 1979 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Vector Bally 1982 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Viking Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Voltan Escapes Cosmic Doom Bally 1978 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
X's & O's Bally 1983 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm
Xenon Bally 1980 MPU-35 28,5" 72 cm

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Stern MPU-100 / MPU-200 (5 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Lectronamo Stern 1978 MPU-100 28,5" 72 cm
Memory Lane Stern 1978 MPU-100 28,5" 72 cm
Pinball Stern 1977 MPU-100 28,5" 72 cm
Stars Stern 1978 MPU-100 28,5" 72 cm
Stingray Stern 1977 MPU-100 28,5" 72 cm

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Bell Games / Nuova Bell Games (3 machines)

Length inferred from the system rule.

Title Manufacturer Year System Length (inches) Length (cm) Notes
Saturn 2 Bell Games 1985 Bell 28,5" 72 cm Length inferred (same mechanical base as Bally of the same period). Not documented by flippers.be.
Tiger Rag Bell Games 1984 Bell 28,5" 72 cm Length inferred (same mechanical base as Bally of the same period). Not documented by flippers.be.
World Defender Nuova Bell Games 1985 Bell 28,5" 72 cm Length inferred (same mechanical base as Bally of the same period). Not documented by flippers.be.

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Why Leg Lengths Differ (and Why You Should Never Swap Legs Between Machines)

This is the point almost everyone gets wrong. Leg lengths vary because cabinets vary: cabinets are not all the same height, and the bolt mounting holes are not drilled in the same position depending on the manufacturer and era.

The end result is deliberately identical from one machine to the next: the lockdown bar and flipper buttons end up at approximately 90 cm (35 inches) from the floor on all properly set up machines. This is a de facto ergonomic standard adopted by the entire industry: the player's hands should rest at the same height regardless of the machine.

Direct consequence: if you swap legs between two machines, you break this standard. One machine ends up too high, the other too low. The author of flippers.be documents exactly this mistake with photos: after restoring several machines side by side, he had swapped the legs of a Gottlieb and a Bally — the Gottlieb was noticeably too low and the Bally far too high, next to a properly set up Zaccaria.

This is not just a cosmetic issue. A machine mounted on legs that are too long has a higher playfield, a higher center of gravity, and distorted gameplay geometry. A machine that is too low causes back strain and changes the viewing angle on the playfield.

Factory Exceptions and Pitfalls

Gottlieb Haunted House: The Case of Mismatched Legs

Haunted House (Gottlieb, 1982) is the most famous case of factory-mismatched legs. This System 80 machine uses:

  • 27 inches (68.5 cm) FRONT
  • 31 inches (78.8 cm) REAR

This is not an error, nor a previous owner's modification: this is the original factory configuration. Haunted House is a three-level playfield machine, and this increased pitch is part of its design. If you buy a Haunted House with four 27-inch (68.5 cm) legs, the machine is improperly set up.

Bally: Three Titles with 34-3/4 Inch Rear Legs

Here is a second case of factory-mismatched legs, less well known than Haunted House and rarely mentioned. According to the product listing for the Bally gray leg P-4052-8 at Marco Specialties, this 28.5-inch (72 cm) leg cannot be used as a rear leg on three Bally machines:

  • Dungeons & Dragons (Bally, 1987)
  • Escape from the Lost World (Bally, 1988)
  • Blackwater 100 (Bally, 1988)

These three games require rear legs of 34-3/4 inches (88.3 cm), referenced at Marco under part number 0365-00220-00XF. These are machines with steeply pitched or multi-level playfields, hence the need for much longer rear legs. If you own any of these three titles, this is a priority check.

Williams Twilight Zone: The Three-Hole Trap

Twilight Zone (Bally/Williams, 1993) uses standard 28.5-inch (72 cm) chrome legs — nothing unusual there. The trap is elsewhere: the cabinet has THREE bolt holes per leg instead of two.

The explanation is historical. Twilight Zone is a very heavy machine; during development, Williams tested a three-bolt leg attachment to better distribute the weight. The machines were ultimately not shipped that way, but the cabinets retained all three drill holes.

⚠️ Practical consequence: during assembly, you must use the correct two holes. If you use the wrong ones, the playfield will be far more tilted than intended — this is a classic mistake that makes the game unplayable, with balls draining constantly. When in doubt, mount the legs, measure the pitch with a digital level, and compare to the manual's value before concluding that your machine has an adjustment problem.

Factory Color Legs (Williams / Bally 1987–1998)

During the System 11 / WPC era, the standard was ribbed chrome 28.5 inches (72 cm), but many machines shipped from the factory with colored legs. If you are restoring one of these machines and looking for the original finish:

  • Gray (sometimes black): early Bally games from 1988–1990. Black Rose is the typical example with black legs.
  • Blue: Road Show.
  • Gold: Indiana Jones, World Cup Soccer, Judge Dredd, and Addams Family Gold.
  • Black: Corvette, Star Trek: The Next Generation, and certain copies of Creature from the Black Lagoon.

Note: in all these cases, only the finish changes, not the length. They are all 28.5-inch (72 cm) legs.

Modern Stern: 30-1/4" or 30-1/2"?

An honest nuance worth noting. The ribbed black Sega/Stern leg carries part number 500-5921-50 and equips all Sega and modern Stern machines, from Striker Xtreme (1999) through the current Spike and Spike-2 platforms. But distributors do not perfectly agree on the dimension: Pinball Life sells it as a 30.5-inch (77.5 cm) leg, while Suzohapp catalogs the same part number as "30 1/4"" (76.8 cm).

This is most likely a difference in measuring method (with or without the base) rather than two distinct parts, but we have not found an official Stern document settling the question. Order by part number 500-5921-50 rather than by dimension — that is the only reliable method. We have also found no published official Stern specification giving a leg length per Spike or Spike-2 platform.

Jersey Jack: A Data Point We Could Not Confirm

We found no official Jersey Jack Pinball specification indicating the leg length of their machines. The only serious clue is indirect: the listing for the 28.5-inch (72 cm) chrome leg at Marco (ref. A-19514) carries a cross-reference "Jersey Jack: 10-000001-02", which strongly suggests JJP uses the standard 28.5 inches (72 cm). We note this as an inference, not a verified fact. For a JJP machine, contact Jersey Jack support directly before purchasing.

How to Measure Your Legs Correctly

A careless measurement will lead you to order the wrong part. Step-by-step method:

  1. Remove a leg. Empty the machine if necessary (glass off, playfield raised), support the cabinet on a stable surface, then remove the two leg bolts. Never work alone on a machine with only one leg remaining.
  2. Remove or fully retract the leg leveler. A leg's nominal length is measured without the leveler extended. This is the number one source of error: a 27-inch (68.5 cm) leg with a 3-inch (7.6 cm) leveler extended halfway measures approximately 28.5 inches (72 cm) total, and you will order the wrong size.
  3. Measure the leg body alone, from the top of the leg to the bottom base, leveler excluded. Use a rigid tape measure or folding ruler.
  4. Round to the nearest standard value among 27" (68.5 cm), 28.5" (72 cm), 30.5" (77.5 cm), and 31" (78.8 cm). A few millimeters of deviation is normal: vintage legs are worn, sometimes repainted, sometimes slightly bent.
  5. Cross-reference with the table above. If your measurement does not match what the table predicts for your machine, two possibilities: either you have legs from another machine, or you have found a factory exception.
  6. Check all four legs separately. This is the only way to spot a properly set up Haunted House — or a Bally where the 34-3/4 inch (88.3 cm) rear legs have been replaced with 28.5-inch (72 cm) ones.
  7. Final check: the lockdown bar should be approximately 90 cm (35 inches) from the floor. This is the test that validates everything else, regardless of the manufacturer.

Adjusting Leg Levelers (the Rotating Part on the Floor)

Under each leg is a leg leveler: a threaded rod that extends from the bottom of the leg and ends with a rotating foot pad — the only part of the machine actually in contact with the floor. This is the part you turn to level the pinball machine and set the playfield pitch. This is the most important mechanical adjustment on a pinball machine: it changes ball behavior far more than any software setting.

Leg Leveler Anatomy: What Is Under Your Legs

  • The threaded rod — 3/8"-16 thread, i.e., 9.5 mm diameter and 16 threads per inch (approximately 1.59 mm pitch). This is the same thread as the leg bolts.
  • The rotating foot pad (adjustable pad) — the flat foot, often chrome or nickel plated, that rests on the floor. This is the part you turn: as it rotates, it moves up or down along the threads inside the leg.
  • The jam nut — the nut mounted on the rod, between the foot pad and the bottom of the leg. It is not for adjustment: it is for locking the adjustment once set, so that game vibrations do not cause it to shift. Marco ref.: LLN (3/8"-16, 9.5 mm).

Two rod lengths are available:

  • Short leveler: 2 inches (5 cm) — Marco ref. LL2.
  • Long leveler: 3 inches (7.6 cm) — Marco ref. LL3, original cross-references 08-7377 and 237-2130-152.

Which leveler on which leg?

  • Electromechanical machines: short 2-inch (5 cm) leveler on all four legs. The target pitch is lower, so a short rod is sufficient.
  • Solid-state machines: short 2-inch (5 cm) leveler in front and long 3-inch (7.6 cm) leveler in the rear — or long levelers on all four legs, which provides more adjustment range.

Which Direction to Turn the Foot Pad?

This is the question that wastes the most time, because intuition misleads: you are not raising the leg — you are lowering the foot pad.

  • Clockwise (screwing down): the foot pad goes down toward the floor, so the corner of the machine rises.
  • Counterclockwise: the foot pad retracts into the leg, so the corner of the machine drops.

On electromechanical machines, the nut at the bottom of the rod works well with a 3/8" (9.5 mm) open-end wrench: much faster and more precise than by hand, especially with the machine's weight on it. Slightly lift the relevant corner (with a helper, or a furniture jack) if the leveler resists.

The Three Adjustments, in This Order

Leveling a pinball machine is not one adjustment but three, and they must be done in order:

  1. Both REAR legs level with each other.
  2. Both FRONT legs level with each other.
  3. The front-to-rear PITCH of the playfield.

⚠️ Warning: changing one throws off the other two. This is not a checklist you go through once. You need to cycle through all three adjustments repeatedly until all three are correct simultaneously. Expect several passes.

What Pitch to Aim For?

The pitch is measured in degrees. It has nothing to do with left-right leveling: the pitch should be clear, the lateral level should be zero.

Machine Type Recommended Pitch Notes
Solid-state machines and modern games 6.5 to 7 degrees This is the angle the designers calibrated the ramps, combos, and rebounds for. Outside this range, the game no longer behaves as intended.
Older electromechanical machines approximately 5 degrees Slower playfields, slower ball: the original pitch is significantly lower. This is also why a short 2-inch (5 cm) leveler is sufficient on all four legs.
All machines — minimum threshold do not go below 6 degrees (solid state) Below 6 degrees, the ball becomes sluggish, it lingers, ramps no longer work, and the game loses all interest. This is the most common issue on machines installed in private homes.
Left-right level (lateral) 0,0° Perfectly flat. Half a degree of tilt is enough to make all balls drift to one side.

Steeper is not better. A steeper pitch speeds up the ball but crushes the game on the vertical axis: the ball goes straight down, lateral movement disappears, and some shots become impossible. A flatter pitch gives a sluggish ball with too much lateral movement. The common belief that "a good player plays steeper" is false: 6.5 to 7 degrees is the design angle, not a beginner setting.

How to Measure the Pitch

  • Digital inclinometer — the simplest and most reliable solution. Place it in the middle of the playfield and read the value in degrees.
  • Smartphone app (accelerometer) — more than precise enough for home use. Place the phone flat in the middle of the playfield, aligned front-to-rear, and aim for 6.5 degrees.
  • The bubble level built into the cabinet (usually on the right side) — indicative only. It is not always reliable, especially on a cabinet that has seen heavy use or been disassembled.
  • The Bally/Williams three-line indicator — many Bally and Williams machines have a small bubble level with three engraved lines: the bottom line corresponds to 6 degrees, and each line above adds 0.5 degrees. Bubble on the second line = 6.5 degrees. Bubble on the third = 7 degrees.
  • The no-tool trick: the cardboard template — cut a 6.5-degree corner from stiff cardboard (a right triangle with a short side of 1 inch / 2.54 cm for approximately 8.8 inches / 22.3 cm of base gives 6.5 degrees). Place the template in the middle of the playfield, thick side toward the low end, then a bubble level on top: adjust the rear levelers until the bubble is centered.

⚠️ Where to place the level — this point throws off most measurements. Measure on the playfield glass, near the backbox, and never on the lockdown bar: it is not always straight, it is often slightly warped, and it gives a false reading off by several tenths of a degree. The most accurate method is to remove the lockdown bar and measure directly on the cabinet wood.

The Step-by-Step Method

  1. First, set the FRONT height. The flipper buttons should fall naturally under your hands when standing in front of the machine. If you have multiple machines, align them all to the same height: switching between them without changing posture makes a real difference to gameplay.
  2. Level both front legs with each other, keeping some adjustment margin in both directions on each leveler.
  3. Extend the REAR levelers to approximately three-quarters of their travel, equally on both sides. This is the classic starting point: it leaves you room to go up or down.
  4. Measure the pitch in the middle of the playfield and bring it to approximately 6.5 degrees (approximately 5 degrees on an electromechanical) by adjusting both rear levelers.
  5. Re-level the rear left-to-right, then re-check the front, then re-check the pitch. Repeat until all three are correct.
  6. To adjust the pitch without disturbing the level, raise or lower both rear levelers by exactly the same amount — count the turns, or half-turns.
  7. Verify that the lateral level is exactly 0.0 degrees, not "close enough".
  8. Lock the jam nuts once the adjustment is confirmed.

Locking the Adjustment with the Jam Nut

Once you have found the right position, tighten the jam nut against the bottom of the leg firmly (open-end wrench, without overdoing it: the goal is to lock, not to strip the threads). Without this lock, the vibrations of a pinball machine in play — solenoids, pop bumpers, cabinet slaps — will turn the foot pad on its own, and the adjustment is lost within a few weeks of play. Re-check the level once a year, and always after moving the machine.

Seized or Rusty Levelers

  • Seized threads: spray penetrating oil on the threads, let it soak, then work the leveler with small alternating movements rather than forcing in one direction.
  • Prevention: silicone spray on clean threads, once cleaned, prevents corrosion from returning — particularly useful in a garage or basement.
  • Too corroded: do not force it. A leg leveler is an inexpensive part: replace it. A rusted leveler that refuses to turn will always prevent you from properly adjusting the machine.

⚠️ What a Bad Leveler Adjustment Actually Damages

  • The cabinet warps. If the playfield does not sit straight in the cabinet, if the hooks no longer align, or if you have to force it closed, the problem is not the playfield: it is that a leg is misadjusted and the cabinet is under torsion. Over time, this stresses the corners and permanently deforms the plywood.
  • The playfield glass can shatter. Extreme but real: a warped cabinet puts the glass under constant stress. When sliding it for maintenance, the glass can break spontaneously, without impact. This is a real cut hazard. If a glass seems stuck or "pinched" in its channels, adjust the legs before removing it.
  • The slam tilt gets thrown off. After changing the pitch, always re-check the tilt bob: a steeper pitch brings the weight closer to the ring and triggers unintended tilts at the slightest cabinet nudge. Re-center the ring or raise the weight on its rod.

A poorly leveled pinball machine is not just unpleasant to play: it deteriorates.

The Final Test: The Ball That Rolls Straight

The check that validates everything else requires no tools. Remove the glass, place a ball in the center of the playfield, and release it without pushing. It should roll straight down, between the two flippers, without drifting. If it consistently goes left or right, your lateral level is off: readjust the two front legs, then recheck the pitch. Repeat the test two or three times from slightly different points on the playfield.

Where to buy leg levelers: as with legs, Pinballs Store does not sell levelers — we only manufacture circuit boards. Contact Marco Specialties (refs LL2 for 2 inches / 5 cm and LL3 for 3 inches / 7.6 cm, nut LLN), Pinball Life, or Pinballshop.nl from Europe.

A clean playfield behaves very differently from a dirty one at the same pitch: always adjust the pitch after cleaning, as explained in our pinball machine cleaning and maintenance guide.

Leg Bolts and Cabinet Protectors

The Standard Bolt

The pinball machine leg bolt is a remarkably standardized part across the entire industry:

  • Standard dimension: 3/8"-16 x 2-1/2", i.e., a diameter of 9.5 mm, 16 threads per inch (approximately 1.59 mm pitch) and a length of 63.5 mm. 5/8" (15.9 mm) acorn head. Marco ref.: 4322-01125-40, original cross-reference 231-5001-01.
  • Extended version: 2-3/4" (70 mm), Marco ref. 4322-01125-44. Useful whenever you add thickness between the leg and the cabinet: cabinet protectors, decorative plates, accessories.
  • Economy version: 2-1/4" (57 mm), ref. 231-5544-00, for cabinets without added thickness.
  • Available finishes: chrome, black, gold. Zinc-plated remains the most common and least expensive.
  • Nylon washers (leg & bolt protectors): essential on painted or powder-coated legs. They sit between the bolt head and the leg and prevent the bolt from scratching the finish when tightened. Marco ref.: 242-5049-05 (0.38" x 0.625" x 0.125", i.e., 9.7 x 15.9 x 3.2 mm).

The 3/8"-16 thread of the bolts and levelers is not the only imperial hardware in a pinball machine: the rest of the machine is full of it. We detail all of this in our complete guide to pinball machine screw sizes.

Cabinet Protectors

A plate inserted between the leg and the cabinet, designed to prevent the leg from marking, crushing, or wearing the cabinet artwork. Three types exist, and the choice depends entirely on the type of decoration on your cabinet:

  • Felt: for stencil-painted cabinets, typical of the 1980s and earlier. Felt cushions the contact between the leg and the cabinet without creating noticeable thickness. This is the most discreet option.
  • Metal: for screen-printed or decal-decorated cabinets. Thick enough to create a real gap between the leg and the cabinet, this protector screws directly into the cabinet. This is the most protective option, but it requires drilling.
  • Hard plastic: the middle-ground solution, usable on virtually all cabinet types. Two things to know: it can itself mark the cabinet over time, but since it is wider than the leg, it effectively hides existing damage — which often makes it the right choice on an already worn machine.

Reminder: as soon as you add a cabinet protector, switch to the extended 2-3/4" (70 mm) bolts. A standard 2-1/2" (63.5 mm) bolt may not engage enough threads in the cabinet plate, which is dangerous.

Do You Have a Gottlieb System 1 or System 80/80A/80B?

This is the core of the fleet we work with every day, so let us be precise.

Rule: 27 inches (68.5 cm), smooth chrome, on all four legs. This covers:

  • System 1 (1977–1980): Cleopatra, Sinbad, Joker Poker, Dragon, Charlie's Angels, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Solar Ride, Count-Down, Pinball Pool, Totem, The Incredible Hulk, Genie, Buck Rogers, Torch, Roller Disco, Asteroid Annie and the Aliens.
  • System 80 (1980–1982): Spider-Man, Panthera, Circus, Counterforce, Star Race, James Bond 007, Timeline, Force II, Pink Panther, Mars God of War, Volcano, Black Hole, Haunted House, Eclipse, Critical Mass.
  • System 80A (1982–1984): Devil's Dare, Rocky, Spirit, Punk!, Striker, Krull, Q*Bert's Quest, Super Orbit, Royal Flush Deluxe, Goin' Nuts, Amazon Hunt, Rack 'Em Up, Ready...Aim...Fire!, Jacks to Open, Alien Star, The Games, Touchdown, El Dorado City of Gold, Ice Fever, Caveman.
  • System 80B (1985–1989): Chicago Cubs Triple Play, Rock, Raven, Hollywood Heat, Genesis, Gold Wings, Monte Carlo, Spring Break, Arena, Victory, Diamond Lady, TX-Sector, Robo-War, Excalibur, Bad Girls, Big House, Hot Shots, Bone Busters Inc.

Important honesty note: the reference source (flippers.be) gives this length at the system level, not title by title. We found no source publishing an official leg length for each title individually. We therefore list these games as following the System 1 / 80 / 80A / 80B rule, without inventing specific dimensions per machine. When in doubt about a specific title, measure: the method is described above, and the 90 cm (35 inches) lockdown bar test settles it definitively.

⚠️ Most importantly: Haunted House is the exception to this rule, with 27 inches (68.5 cm) in front and 31 inches (78.8 cm) in the rear. It is the only System 80 title for which a factory exception is explicitly documented.

Where to Buy Legs, Levelers, and Bolts

Let us be perfectly clear: Pinballs Store does not sell legs, bolts, levelers, or cabinet protectors. We manufacture only FPGA-based replacement circuit boards. This guide is published because the question comes up constantly, not to sell you anything.

For hardware, contact the real specialists:

  • Marco Specialties (USA) — the most complete catalog of original part references, with machine compatibility.
  • Pinball Life (USA) — excellent for Sega/Stern legs and hardware.
  • Pinballshop.nl (Netherlands) — convenient from Europe, with reasonable shipping costs and delivery times.
  • Titan Pinball (USA) — levelers, rubber rings, and accessories.

FAQ

What Is the Most Common Pinball Machine Leg Size?

28.5 inches (72 cm). This is the length for Williams and Bally System 11 and WPC from 1987 to 1998, Bally from 1968 to 1987, Bally (1977-1985), Zaccaria, and early Data East. It is by far the most common size in the European market.

What Leg Length for a Gottlieb System 80?

27 inches (68.5 cm), smooth chrome, on all four legs. The only documented exception: Haunted House, which uses 27 inches (68.5 cm) in front and 31 inches (78.8 cm) in the rear.

Can I Put 28.5-Inch Legs on a Machine Designed for 27 Inches?

Mechanically, the bolts are the same (3/8"-16), so yes, it will mount. But the machine will be about 4 cm too high, the lockdown bar will exceed the 90 cm (35 inches) reference, and gameplay ergonomics will suffer. This is not a good idea, except as a temporary fix.

How Do I Know if My Legs Are Original?

Three checks: the measured length (leveler retracted) must match the table for your manufacturer and year; the finish must match (smooth chrome, ribbed chrome, gray, black); and the lockdown bar must be approximately 90 cm (35 inches) from the floor. If all three match, your legs are very likely original.

What Size Are Pinball Machine Leg Bolts?

3/8"-16 x 2-1/2" standard, i.e., 9.5 mm diameter, 16 threads per inch (approximately 1.59 mm pitch) and 63.5 mm length, with a 5/8" (15.9 mm) acorn head. An extended 2-3/4" (70 mm) version exists for setups with cabinet protectors.

Do I Need 2-Inch or 3-Inch Leg Levelers?

On an electromechanical machine, short 2-inch (5 cm) levelers on all four legs are sufficient. On a solid-state machine, the classic setup is a short 2-inch (5 cm) leveler in front and a long 3-inch (7.6 cm) leveler in the rear, or long levelers on all four for more adjustment range.

Why Does My Twilight Zone Have Three Bolt Holes Per Leg?

Because Williams tested a three-bolt attachment during development, as the machine is very heavy. The games were not shipped that way, but the cabinets retained all three drill holes. You must use the correct two holes, otherwise the playfield will be far more tilted than intended.

Are There Other Machines with Different Front and Rear Legs?

Yes. Besides Haunted House, the Bally Dungeons & Dragons, Escape from the Lost World, and Blackwater 100 require rear legs of 34-3/4 inches (88.3 cm) instead of the usual 28.5 inches (72 cm), according to the Marco Specialties catalog. There are probably others not documented: when in doubt, measure all four legs separately.

How Do I Find the Leg Size for MY Pinball Machine?

Look up your machine in the alphabetical index of this guide: each title links directly to its row, with the manufacturer, year, system, and length in inches and centimeters. These lengths are inferred from the system and year according to the rule published by flippers.be, and are not published title by title by the manufacturers; only the exceptions Haunted House, Dungeons & Dragons, Escape from the Lost World, and Blackwater 100 are documented individually. Always verify by measuring a leg with the leveler retracted, and check that the lockdown bar is approximately 90 cm (35 inches) from the floor.

What Pitch Should a Pinball Machine Playfield Be Set To?

On a solid-state machine or modern game, aim for 6.5 to 7 degrees: this is the angle the designers calibrated the game for. On an older electromechanical, the original value is approximately 5 degrees. Never go below 6 degrees on a solid-state machine: the ball becomes sluggish and the game loses all interest. The left-right level should be at 0.0 degrees. Measure in the middle of the playfield with an inclinometer or smartphone app, on the glass near the backbox, and never on the lockdown bar.

Which Direction Do I Turn the Leg Leveler to Raise the Machine?

Clockwise: the rotating foot pad goes down toward the floor and the corner of the machine rises. Counterclockwise, the foot pad retracts into the leg and the corner drops. On an electromechanical machine, a 3/8" (9.5 mm) open-end wrench on the nut at the bottom of the rod makes the operation much easier. Always lock the adjustment with the jam nut once the position is found.

Sources & Further Reading

What if the Electronics Fail, Not the Legs?

We do not manufacture legs — but that is exactly what we do for circuit boards. If your Gottlieb System 80/80A/80B no longer starts, displays garbage, or has a board corroded by battery leaks, our GottFA80_Plus all-in-one board replaces the entire original board set with a modern FPGA solution, starting at 349 EUR. We also produce boards for Gottlieb System 1, Williams System 3-7, and Bally (1977-1985).

All our boards are covered by a 6-month warranty (parts and labor) + 30-day satisfaction guarantee. Installation is documented step by step in our replacement board installation guide.

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